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In Memoriam Gilles Fauconnier (1944-2021)
From the Memorial for Gilles Fauconnier, 2021-07-24

Conceptual Blending at CogSci2021 “Conceptual Blending in Animal Cognition: A Comparative Approach.” A symposium of the annual conference of the Cognitive Science Society, on Comparative Cognition—Animal Minds, 26-29 July 2021, Vienna. “We bring together a diverse group of researchers to discuss human-unique cognitive abilities through the lens of CBT [Conceptual Blending Theory]. Turner introduces CBT and outlines the cross-species cline of conceptual blending. Pelkey provides evidence for various types of blends in bats and discusses the conclusions of these analyses. Leonardis, Semenuks, and Coulson emphasize the importance of taking non-human perspectives in analyzing behaviors with CBT. Adachi discusses work on metaphorical and cross-modal mapping in primates. Forster serves as the moderator.”

The Riddle of the Buddhist Monk: A Buddhist monk begins at dawn one day walking up a mountain, reaches the top at sunset, meditates at the top overnight until, at dawn, he begins to walk back to the foot of the mountain, which he reaches at sunset. Make no assumptions about his starting or stopping or about his pace during the trips. Riddle: is there a place on the path that the monk occupies at the same hour of the day on the two trips? Click for the full answer.

Discourse with Confucius
on the occasion of the founding of the
Chinese Cognitive Linguistics Association
Nanjing, May, 2006

	During the Upper Paleolithic, human beings developed an unprecedented ability to innovate. They acquired a modern human imagination, which gave them the ability to invent new concepts and to assemble new and dynamic mental patterns. The results of this change were awesome: human beings developed art, science, religion, culture, refined tool use, and language. Our ancestors gained this superiority through the evolution of the mental capacity for conceptual blending. Conceptual blending has a fascinating dynamics and a crucial role in how we think and live. It operates largely behind the scenes. Almost invisibly to consciousness, it choreographs vast networks of conceptual meaning, yielding cognitive products, which, at the conscious level, appear simple. Blending is a process of conceptual mapping and integration that pervades human thought. A mental space is a small conceptual packet assembled for purposes of thought and action. A mental space network connects an array of mental spaces. A conceptual integration network is a mental space network that contains one or more "blended mental spaces." A blended mental space is an integrated space that receives input projections from other mental spaces in the network and develops emergent structure not available from the inputs. Blending operates under a set of constitutive principles and a set of governing principles. The theory of conceptual blending has been applied in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive science, psychology, linguistics, music theory, poetics, mathematics, divinity, semiotics, theory of art, psychotherapy, artificial intelligence, political science, discourse analysis, philosophy, anthropology, and the study of gesture and of material culture.

Books Albano, Mariangela. 2020. Blending et analogie: Pour une étude contrastive des métaphores dans Kassandra et Minotaurus et dans leur traductions françaises. Berlin: Peter Lang. Arndt, Matthew. 2017. The Musical Thought and Spiritual Lives of Heinrich Schenker and Arnold Schoenberg. Routledge. ISBN-13: 978-1138287259. [Makes use of blending theory as an interpretive tool in the history of music theory]. Brandt, Line. 2013. The Communicative Mind: A Linguistic Exploration of Conceptual Integration and Meaning Construction. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Chow, Kenny K. N. 2013. Animation, Embodiment, and Digital Media: Human Experience of Technological Liveliness. Palgrave Macmillan. Cook, Amy. 2010. Shakespearean Neuroplay: Reinvigorating the Study of Dramatic Texts and Performance through Cognitive Science. Palgrave Macmillan. ["rereads William Shakespeare's Hamlet using the cognitive linguistic theory of 'conceptual blending' to articulate a new methodology of interdisciplinary study."] Coulson, Seana. 2001. Semantic Leaps: Frame-shifting and Conceptual Blending in Meaning Construction. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Excerpt Dancygier, Barbara. 2012. The Language of Stories: A Cognitive Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dancygier, Barbara & Eve Sweetser. 2014. Figurative Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fauconnier, Gilles. 2018. Ten Lectures on Cognitive Construction of Meaning. Leiden: Brill Publishers. Fauconnier, Gilles and Turner, Mark. 2002. The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Mind's Hidden Complexities. Basic Books. Fauconnier and Turner. 2000. Amalgami: Introduzione ai Network di integrazione concettuale. Urbino: Quattro venti. [Italian version of "Conceptual Integration Networks." Tr. Marco Casonato, Antonino Carcione, and Michele Procacci. A volume in the series Neuroscienze cognitive e psicoterapia.] Fenton, Brandon . 2008. Character and Concept: How Conceptual Blending Constrains Situationism. VDM Verlag. Fauconnier, Gilles . 1997. "Blends." Chapter 6 of Mappings in Thought and Language. Cambridge University Press. Gómez-Ramírez, Danny Arlen de Jesús. 2020. Artificial Mathematical Intelligence: Cognitive, Metamathematical, Physical, and Philosophical Foundations. Series 'Mathematics in Mind', Springer-Verlag. "In the second part of the book, I provide an explicit global taxonomy of the most fundamental cognitive metamathematical mechanisms used by the (human) mind during the intellectual task of mathematical research. I introduce and formalize the cognitive abilities of conceptual blending . . ." Gomola, Aleksander. 2018. Conceptual Blending in Early Christian Discourse: A Cognitive Linguistic Analysis of Pastoral Metaphors in Patristic Literature. De Gruyter. Gordejuela, Adriana. 2021. Flashbacks in Film: A Cognitive and Multimodal Analysis. Routledge. Harbus, Antonina. 2012.Cognitive Approaches to Old English Poetry. D. S. Brewer. [Chapter 3 is called “Conceptual Blending.” “The creation and processing of metaphor is one instance of what has become known as 'conceptual blending'. . . . This theory is probably the most important concept to cross over from Cognitive Science to Literary Studies . . .”] Harrell, D. Fox. Phantasmal Media: An Approach to Imagination, Computation, and Expression. MIT Press. ["An argument that the expressive power of computational media relies on the construction of phantasms—blends of cultural ideas and sensory imagination."] Hernández, Patricia C. 2008. La décoloration de la préposition ‘sur’ : Une explication en termes d’intégration conceptuelle. Formes Symbolique. Hernández, Patricia C. 2017. Les palmiers sont à Marrakech ce que les roues sont à la voiture » : Enoncés analogiques et modèles cognitifs. CogniTextes: Revue de l'Association française de linguistique cognitive. Volume 15. Hernández, Patricia C. 2012. UN BLENDING COMPLEJO “LASSIE CON BOZAL”. In García, Adolfo (editor) (2012): Aproximaciones teóricas y empíricas a la Lingüística Cognitiva. 1a edición, Mar del Plata, Argentina: Editorial Martín, pp. 267-281. Imaz, Manuel and David Benyon. 2007. Designing with Blends: Conceptual Foundations of Human-Computer Interaction and Software Engineering. MIT Press. Liddell, Scott, K. 2003. Grammar, Gesture, and Meaning in American Sign Language. Cambridge University Press. Lakoff, George and Rafael Núñez. 2000. Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being. Basic Books. Oakley, Todd & Anders Hougaard, editors. 2008. Mental Spaces Approaches to Discourse and Interaction. John Benjamins. Pascual, Esther. 2002. Imaginary Trialogues: Conceptual Blending and Fictive Interaction in Criminal Courts. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Landelijke Onderzoekschool Taalwetenschap. Pereira, Francisco Câmara. 2007. Creativity and Artificial Intelligence: A Conceptual Blending Approach. Mouton De Gruyter. Roy, Jean-Pierre. 2011. L'analyse organisationnelle à l'heure des sciences cognitives: De la métaphore anthropologique fictionnelle à l'intégration conceptuelle. Éditions universitaires européennes. Schneider, Ralf & Marcus Hartner. 2012. Blending and the Study of Narrative: Approaches and Applications. De Gruyter. "The theory of Blending, or Conceptual Integration, proposed by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner, is one of most promising cognitive theories of meaning production. It has been successfully applied to the analysis of poetic discourse and micro-textual elements, such as metaphor. Prose narrative has so far received significantly less attention. The present volume aims to remedy this situation. Following an introductory discussion of the connections between narrative and the processes of blending, the contributions demonstrate the range of applications of the theory to the study of narrative. They cover issues such as time and space, literary character and perspective, genre, story levels, and fictional minds; some chapters show how such phenomena as metalepsis, counterfactual narration, intermediality, extended metaphors, and suspense can be fruitfully studied from the vantage point of Conceptual Integration. Working within a theoretical framework situated at the intersection of narratology and the cognitive sciences, the book provides both fresh readings for individual literary and film narratives and new impulses for post-classical narratology." Slingerland, Edward. 2008. What Science Offers the Humanities: Integrating Body and Culture. NY: Oxford University Press. Sørensen, Jesper. 2006. A Cognitive Theory of Magic. Altamira Press. (Cognitive Science of Religion Series) Turner, Mark . 1996. "Creative Blends" and "Many Spaces." Chapters 5 and 6 of The Literary Mind: The Origins of Thought and Language.  New York: Oxford University Press. Turner, Mark. 2001. Cognitive Dimensions of Social Science: The Way We Think About Politics, Economics, Law, and Society. Oxford University Press. Turner, Mark. 2011.Ten Lectures on Mind and Language. Eminent Linguists Lecture Series. Beijing: FLTR Press. Free download of lectures, audio files, audiovisual files. Turner, Mark, editor. October, 2006. The Artful Mind: Cognitive Science and the Riddle of Human Creativity. Oxford University Press. Turner, Mark. January, 2014. The Origin of Ideas: Blending, Creativity, and the Human Spark. New York: Oxford University Press. Woźny, Jacek. 2018.How We Understand Mathematics: Conceptual Integration in the Language of Mathematical Description. Springer. Xiang, Mingjian. Forthcoming. Fictive Questions in the Zhuangzi: A Cognitive Rhetorical Study. Benjamins. Zbikowski, Lawrence. 2001. Conceptualizing Music: Cognitive Structure, Theory, and Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press. Dissertations Coulson, Seana. 1997. "Semantic Leaps: The role of frame-shifting and conceptual blending in meaning construction." Ph.D. dissertation, UC San Diego. Cámara, Pereira, Francisco. A Computational Model of Creativity. Ph.D. thesis. (pdf). (From the introduction to the thesis: "This is the first computational approach to Conceptual Blending [Fauconnier and Turner] that includes all the fundamental aspects of this framework.") Desagulier, Guillaume. 2005. A Cognitive Model of Variation and Language Change Based on an Examination of Some Emerging Constructions in Contemporary English. Thèse de Doctorat. Université de Bordeaux 3. Abstract. Dissertation. Hougaard, Anders. 2005. "How're we doing: An Interactional Approach to Cognitive Processes of Online Meaning Construction." "The dissertation presents a new approach to online mental space construction and blending." Mandelblit, Nili. 1997. "Grammatical Blending: Creative and Schematic Aspects in Sentence Processing and Translation." Ph.D. dissertation, UC San Diego. Oakley, Todd . 1995. "Ghost-brother" [and related chapters] in "Presence: the conceptual basis of rhetorical effect." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Maryland. "Ghost-brother" was presented at the Fifth International Conference on the Cognitive Science of Natural Language Processing, Dublin, 1996. Williams, Robert. F. 2004. Making meaning from a clock: Material artifacts and conceptual blending in time-telling instruction. UCSD Dissertation. "Examines the image schemas, conceptual mappings, and blends involved in time-telling and how these get constructed during time-telling instruction, including the important role of gesture in mapping conceptual elements to material anchors. Other chapters discuss the evolution of time-telling and examine sources of error and changes in conceptual understanding."

Special issue of Language and Literature 2006, volume 15, number 1 Edited by Barbara Dancygier Barbara Dancygier. What can blending do for you? 2006 15: 5-15. Mark Turner. Compression and representation. 2006 15: 17-27. Eve Sweetser. Whose rhyme is whose reason? Sound and sense in Cyrano de Bergerac. 2006 15: 29-54. Elena Semino. Blending and characters’ mental functioning in Virginia Woolf's ‘Lappin and Lapinova’. 2006 15: 55-72. Vera Tobin. Ways of reading Sherlock Holmes: the entrenchment of discourse blends. 2006 15: 73-90. Sean McAlister. ‘The explosive devices of memory’: trauma and the construction of identity in narrative. 2006 15: 91-106. Margaret H. Freeman. Blending: A Response. 2006 15: 107-117. Special issue of the Journal of Pragmatics, Volume 37, Issue 10, (October 2005) on Conceptual Blending Theory edited by Seana Coulson and Todd Oakley Introduction. Seana Coulson and Todd Oakley. Blending and coded meaning: Literal and figurative meaning in cognitive semantics. Seana Coulson and Todd Oakley Blending out of the background: Play, props and staging in the material world. Chris Sinha. Material anchors for conceptual blends. Edwin Hutchins. Mental spaces and cognitive semantics: A critical comment. Per Aage Brandt Primary metaphors as inputs to conceptual integration. Joseph Grady. Constraining conceptual integration theory: Levels of blending and disintegration. Carl Bache. Blending and polarization: Cognition under pressure. Peter Harder. Conceptual disintegration and blending in interactional sequences: A discussion of new phenomena, processes vs. products, and methodology. Anders Hougaard. Mimesis, artistic inspiration and the blends we live by. Tim Rohrer. Creating mathematical infinities: Metaphor, blending, and the beauty of transfinite cardinals. Rafael E. Núñez. Special issue of Cognitive Linguistics 11:3-4 (2000) on Conceptual Blending edited by Seana Coulson and Todd Oakley . Coulson, Seana and Todd Oakley. "Blending basics." Pages 175-196. Mandelblit, Nili. "The grammatical marking of conceptual integration: From syntax to morphology." pages 197-252. Veale, Tony and Diarmuid O'Donoghue. "Computation and blending." Pages 253-282. Fauconnier, Gilles and Mark Turner. "Compression and global insight." Pages 283-304. Sweetser, Eve. "Blended spaces and performativity." Pages 305-334. Grady, Joseph. "Cognitive mechanisms of conceptual integration." Pages 335-346. Gibbs, Raymond W., Jr. "Making good psychology out of blending theory." Pages 347-358. Conferences, Symposia, Lecture Series Fauconnier's lectures in the 2008 China International Forum on Cognitive Linguistics. Shakespeare and the Blending Mind. Approaches to interaction and discourse, International Pragmatics Association Conference 2005. Workshop on Metaphor, Analogy, and Agency (Aizu, Japan) Urbino conference on The Mind, April 2000. 1998 MLA Workshop on Conceptual Blending in Literary Representation Lectures at the Collège de France International Cognitive Linguistics Conference 2003 R. Lowry Dobson Memorial Lecture at Berkeley, 2003 2002 Blending Conference: "The Way We Think: The Nature and Origin of Cognitively Modern Human Beings." Plenary Talks at the 2002 Blending Conference Session on Conceptual Blending at the Sixth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference Fall 2002 course and colloquium series on blending. Workshop on blending at ICLC 2001 Articles and talks Alexander, James. 2008. "Mathematical Blending ." Draft pdf. Alexander, James.  2011. Blending in mathematics.  Semiotica. Volume 2011, Issue 187, Pages 1-48, ISSN (Online) 1613-3692, ISSN (Print) 0037-1998, DOI: 10.1515/semi.2011.063 Antović , Mihailo. 2018. Waging war against oneself: A metaphor at the heart of Christian ascetic practice. In P. Chilton and M. Kopytowska (Eds.), Religion, Language and the Human Mind, (pp. 386-406). New York: Oxford University Press. Antović , Mihailo. 2018. Schemas, grounds, meaning: On the emergence of musical concepts through conceptual blending. Musicae Scientiae, 22(1), 57-71. "This article offers a new theoretical approach to the conceptualization of music, based on Conceptual Blending Theory." Birgisson, Bergsveinn. 2012. "Blends Out of Joint: Blending Theory and Aesthetic Conventions." Metaphor and Symbol 27(4), 283-298. Bizup, Joseph. "Blending in Ruskin." Bonifazi, Anna. 2018. The forbidden fruit of compression in Homer. In The Routledge Handbook of Classics and Cognitive Theory, edited by Peter Meineck, William Michael Short, and Jennifer Devereaux. Routledge. Brandt, Line & Per Aage Brandt. 2005. "Making sense of a blend:A cognitive-semiotic approach to metaphor." Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 3, pp. 216-249. Brandt, Line & Per Aage Brandt. 2005. "Cognitive Poetics and Imagery." European Journal of English Studies, volume 9, number, pages 117-130. Brandt, Per Aage. In press. "Cats in Space." Acta Linguistica. [Jakobson and Lévi-Strauss' structuralist reading of Baudelaire's "Les Chats" is reconsidered in light of cognitive rhetoric and conceptual blending theory.] Bundgård, Peer F. 1999. "Cognition and Eventstructure," Almen Semiotik 15: 78-106. [A review of conceptual integration theory.] Burke, Michael. 2003. "Literature as Parable." In Cognitive Poetics in Practice, eds. Gavins, J. & Steen G. London: Routledge, pages 115-128. Cánovas, Cristóbal Pagán. 2011. "The Genesis of the Arrows of Love: Diachronic Conceptual Integration in Greek Mythology." American Journal of Philology 132(4): 553-579. | DOI: 10.1353/ajp.2011.0044. Casonato, Marco M.. 2000. "Scolarette sexy: processi cognitivi standard nella scena della perversione." Psicoterapia: clinica, epistemologia, ricerca, 20-21, Spring. [An analysis of the role of blending in sexual imagination and realized fantasy, including but not restricted to "perverse" scenes.] Casonato, Marco, Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner. "L’immaginazione ed il cosiddetto 'conflitto' psichico." Annuario di Itinerari Filosofici, volume 5 (Strutture dell'esperienza), number 3 (Mente, linguaggio, espressione). Milano: Mimesis, 2001. Chen, Melinda. 2000. "A Cognitive-Linguistic View of Linguistic (Human) Objectification." A discussion of blends in objectifying human beings. Cienki, Alan and Deanne Swan. 1999. "Constructions, Blending, and Metaphors: Integrating Multiple Meanings." Sixth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference. Stockholm, July. Collier, David and Stephen Levitsky. 1997. "Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research." World Politics 49:3 (April), 430-451. Copland, Sarah. 2008. "Reading in the Blend: Collaborative Conceptual Blending in the Silent Traveller Narratives." Narrative, volume 16, number 2, pages 140-162. Coulson, Seana. 1995. "Analogic and metaphoric mapping in blended spaces" Center for Research in Language Newsletter, 9, 1: 2-12. Coulson, Seana. "Conceptual Integration and Discourse Irony." Beyond Babel: 18th Annual Conference of the Western Humanities Alliance. San Diego, October 1999. Coulson, Seana and Gilles Fauconnier. 1999. Fake Guns and Stone Lions: Conceptual Blending and Privative Adjectives.  In B. Fox, D. Jurafsky, & L. Michaelis (Eds.) Cognition and Function in Language.  Palo Alto, CA: CSLI. Coulson, Seana and Van Petten, C. 2002. "Conceptual integration and metaphor: an event-related potential study." Memory and Cognition, 30 (6) (2002), pp. 958–968. "Consistent with conceptual blending theory, the results suggest that the demands of conceptual integration affect the difficulty of both literal and metaphorical language." Csabi, Szilvia. 1997. "The Concept of America in the Puritan Mind." Paper to be presented at the 5th Conference of the International Cognitive Linguistics Association, Amsterdam, July 14-19, 1997. Delbecque, Nicole & Maldonado, Ricardo. 2011. Spanish ya: A conceptual pragmatic anchor. Journal of Pragmatics 43 (2011) 73–98. ["The basic idea is that ya is a blend that instantiates a dynamic progression over a programmatic base."] Dudis, Paul, G. 2004. Body partitioning and real-space blends. Cognitive Linguistics 15:2, 223- 238. Evans, Vyvyan. (Website) 1999. "The Cognitive Model for Time." Beyond Babel: 18th Annual Conference of the Western Humanities Alliance. San Diego, October. Fauconnier, Gilles. 2001. "Conceptual blending and analogy." In Gentner, Dedre, Keith Holyoak, and Boicho Kokinov, editors. 2001. The analogical mind: Perspectives from cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Pages 255-286. Fauconnier, Gilles. 1999. "Embodied Integration." Sixth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference. Stockholm, July. Fauconnier, Gilles. 2000. "Methods and Generalizations." In T. Janssen and G. Redeker, editors, Cognitive Linguistics: Foundations, Scope, and Methodology. The Hague: Mouton De Gruyter. Pages 95-127. [Cognitive Linguistics Research Series] Fauconnier, Gilles. 2000. "Conceptual Integration and Analogy." In Gentner, D., Holyoak, K. J., & Kokinov, B. N., editors, The analogical mind: Perspectives from cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Fauconnier, Gilles. 2005. Compression and Emergent Structure. In S. Huang, ed. Language and Linguistics. 6.4:523-538. Fauconnier, Gilles. 2003. Compressions de Relations Vitales dans les Réseaux d'Intégration Conceptuelle. In Jean-Louis Aroui, editor. Le Sens et la Mesure. Paris: Honoré Champion. Fauconnier, Gilles& Mark Turner. "The Origin of Language as a Product of the Evolution of Double-Scope Blending." 2008. Commentary, Behavioral and Brain Sciences. Fauconnier, Gilles and Mark Turner. 2008. "The Origin of Language as a Product of the Evolution of Modern Cognition," in Laks, Bernard, et al., editors, Origin and Evolution of Languages: Approaches, Models, Paradigms. London: Equinox. Pdf of draft. Fauconnier, Gilles & Mark Turner. 2008. "Rethinking Metaphor". Ray Gibbs, editor, Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought. New York: Cambridge University Press. Pages 53-66. CSN version. Fauconnier, Gilles and Turner, Mark . 1994. "Conceptual Projection and Middle Spaces." UCSD Department of Cognitive Science Technical Report 9401. CSN version. Fauconnier and Turner. 1996. "Blending as a Central Process of Grammar" in Conceptual Structure, Discourse, and Language. Edited by Adele Goldberg. Stanford: Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), 113-130 [distributed by Cambridge University Press]. Expanded CSN version.. [A Polish translation appears in Jezykoznawstwo kognitywne II: Zjawiska pragmatyczne (Cognitive Linguistics II: Pragmatic Phenomena). Edited by Wojciech Kubinski and Danuta Stanulewicz. Gdansk, Poland: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdanskiego (University of Gdansk Press), 2000.] Fauconnier and Turner. 1998. "Principles of Conceptual Integration." Discourse and Cognition. Edited by Jean-Pierre Koenig. Stanford: Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), 269-283 [distributed by Cambridge University Press]. Fauconnier and Turner. 1999. "Metonymy and Conceptual Integration." In Metonymy in Language and Thought. Edited by Klaus-Uwe Panther and Günter Radden. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Pages 77-90. [A volume in the series Human Cognitive Processing]. Fauconnier and Turner. 2003. "Polysemy and Conceptual Blending." In Polysemy: Flexible Patterns of Meaning in Mind and Language. Edited by Brigitte Nerlich, Vimala Herman, Zazie Todd, and David Clarke. John Benjamins. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 79-94. A volume in the series Trends in Linguistics. Fauconnier and Turner. "Compression and Global Insight." Cognitive Linguistics. 11:3-4 (2000). Pages 283-304 Fauconnier, Gilles and Turner, Mark . 1998. "Conceptual Integration Networks." Cognitive Science. Volume 22, number 2 (April-June 1998), pages 133-187. Expanded CSN version. [original article] [A Danish translation by Martin Skov, "Konceptuelle integreringsnetværk," appears in Kognitiv semiotik, edited by Peer F. Bundgård, Jesper Egholm, and Martin Skov (Copenhagen: Haase & Søns, 2003).] Fludernik, Monika, Donald Freeman, and Margaret Freeman. 1999. "Metaphor and Beyond: An Introduction." Poetics Today. 20:3, 383-396. Forceville, Charles. "Blends and metaphors in multimodal representations." 7th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference, July 2001. Freeman, Donald. 1999. "'Speak of me as I am': The Blended Space of Shakespeare's Othello." Beyond Babel: 18th Annual Conference of the Western Humanities Alliance. San Diego, October. Freeman, Margaret. 2008. “Reading Readers Reading a Poem: From Conceptual to Cognitive Integration.” Cognitive Semiotics, 2. Freeman, Margaret. 1997. "'Mak[ing] new stock from the salt': Poetic Metaphor as Conceptual Blend in Sylvia Plath's 'The Applicant'." Freeman, Margaret. 1997. "Grounded spaces: Deictic -self anaphors in the poetry of Emily Dickinson," Language and Literature, 6:1, 7-28. [Contains a blended space analysis of Dickinson's "Me from Myself - to banish -"] Freeman, Margaret. 1999. "The Role of Blending in an Empirical Study of Literary Analysis." Sixth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference. Stockholm, July. Freeman, Margaret. 1999. "Sound Echoing Sense: The Evocation of Emotion through Sound in Conceptual Mapping Integration of Cognitive Processes." Beyond Babel: 18th Annual Conference of the Western Humanities Alliance. Sixth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference. San Diego, October. Goguen, Joseph. 1999. "An Introduction to Algebraic Semiotics, with Application to User Interface Design." In Computation for Metaphor, Analogy, and Agents. Edited by Chrystopher Nehaniv. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pages 242-291. A volume in the series Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. ["This paper introduces a new approach to user interface design and other areas, called algebraic semiotics. . . . One important mode of composition is blending . . .; we relate this to certain concepts from the very abstract area of mathematics called category theory."] Several papers by Joseph Gogen and his lab, at Computational Narratology: - "Style as Choice of Blending Principles," by Joseph Goguen and Fox Harrell. - "Foundations for Active Multimedia Narrative: Semiotic spaces and structural blending," by Joseph Goguen and Fox Harrell. - "Steps towards a Design Theory for Virtual Worlds," by Joseph Goguen. - "Semiotic Morphisms, Representations, and Blending for User Interface Design," by Joseph Goguen..   - "Information Visualization and Semiotic Morphisms," by Joseph Goguen and Fox Harrell. - "An Introduction to Algebraic Semiotics, with Applications to User Interface Design," by Joseph Goguen. Grady, Joseph., Todd Oakley, and Seana Coulson. 1999. "Conceptual Blending and Metaphor." In Metaphor in cognitive linguistics, edited by Steen, G., & Gibbs, R. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Gréa, M. Philippe. "La théorie de l’intégration conceptuelle appliquée à la métaphore et la métaphore filée." Dissertation. Grush, Rick and Nili Mandelblit. 1997. "Blending in language, conceptual structure, and the cerebral cortex." pdf version.The Roman Jakobson Centennial Symposium: International Journal of Linguistics Acta Linguistica Hafniensia Volume 29:221-237. Per Aage Brandt, Frans Gregersen, Frederik Stjernfelt, and Martin Skov, editors. C.A. Reitzel: Copenhagen. Grygiel, Marcin. 2004. “Semantic change as a process of conceptual blending.” In F. J. Ruiz de Mendoza, editor, Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics 2, 285-304, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benja.mins Publishing Company. Hart, F. Elizabeth. 2006. "The View of Where We've Been and Where We'd Like to Go." College Literature 33.1. 225-37. [“Fauconnier and Turner's theory of cognitive blending will be the aspect of cognitive linguistics that has the most lasting impact on literary studies.”] Hart, Christopher. 2007. "Critical Discourse Analysis and Conceptualilsation: Mental Spaces, Blended Spaces, and Discourse Spaces in the British National Party." In Hart, Christopher and Dominik Lukes, editors. Cognitive Linguistics in Critical Discourse Analysis: Application and Theory. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Hart, F. Elizabeth. 2006. “The View of Where We've Been and Where We'd Like to Go.” College Literature 33.1 (2006), 225-37. [“Fauconnier and Turner's theory of conceptual blending will be the aspect of cognitive linguistics that has the most lasting impact on literary studies.”] Hedblom, Maria M., Oliver Kutz, Rafael Peñaloza, & Giancarlo Guizzardi. 2019. Image Schema Combinations and Complex Events. KI-Künstliche Intelligenz 33:279–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13218-019-00605-1. "This line of combining image schemas to build new ones can be interpreted as a particular instance of the theory of conceptual blending . . . The theory proposes that all novel ideas are a result of blending already existing information by re-combining the given information selectively. . . . Given that blending is a fundamental principle of generation, one of the most basic forms of combining image schemas is, therefore, to selectively blend properties of different image schemas into new ones." Hedblom, Maria M., Oliver Kutz, & Fabian Neuhaus. 2014. On the cognitive and logical role of image schemas in computational conceptual blending,  Proc. of the 2nd International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence, Torino, p. 110-121. Herman, Vimala . 1999. "Deictic Projection and Conceptual Blending in Epis Hiles, John. 2003. "Integrated Asymmetric Goal Organization (IAGO): A Multiagent Model of Conceptual Blending." White Paper, Naval Postgraduate School. Hiraga, Masako . 1999. "Blending and an interpretation of Haiku." Poetics Today. 20:3, 461-482. Hiraga, Masako. 1999. "Rough Sea and the Milky Way: 'Blending' in a Haiku Text." In Computation for Metaphor, Analogy, and Agents. Edited by Chrystopher Nehaniv. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pages 27-36. A volume in the series Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. Hiraga, Masako . 1998. "Metaphor-Icon Links in Poetic Texts: A Cognitive Approach to Iconicity." The Journal of the University of the Air 16. ["The model of 'blending' . . . provides an effective instrument to clarify the complexity of the metaphor-icon link."] Hofstadter, Douglas .1999. "Human Cognition as a Blur of Analogy and Blending." Beyond Babel: 18th Annual Conference of the Western Humanities Alliance. San Diego, October. [Hofstadter discusses frame blends and "frame blurs" in Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies and Le Ton beau de Marot, both published by Basic Books. Douglas Hofstadter and David Moser analyze formal blending in "To Err is Human: To Study Error-Making is Cognitive Science." Michigan Quarterly Review, 28:2 (Spring 1989) 185-215. Hofstadter deals in some detail with these topics in unpublished manuscripts.] Holder, Barbara. 1999. "Blending and your bank account: Conceptual blending in ATM design." Newsletter of the Center for Research in Language 11:6. Holder, Barbara and Seana Coulson. 2000. "Hints on How to Drink from a Fire Hose: Conceptual Blending in the Wild Blue Yonder." Fifth Conference on Conceptual Structure, Discourse, and Language. Santa Barbara, May 11-14. Howell, Tes. 2010. Conceptual Blends and Critical Awareness in Teaching Cultural Narratives. L2, 2(1): 73-88. Howell, Tes. (2007) "Two Cognitive Approaches to Humorous Narratives." in New Approaches to the Linguistics of Humor. Diana Popa and Salvatore Attardo, eds. Galati: Editura Academica. tolarity." Poetics Today. 20:3, 523-542. Hrepic, Zdeslav , Dean A. Zollman, and N. Sanjay Rebello. 2010. Identifying students’ mental models of sound propagation: The role of conceptual blending in understanding conceptual change. Physics Review ST Physics Education Research 6, 020114. Jappy, Tony. 1999. "Blends, metaphor, and the medium." Sixth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference. Stockholm, July. Joya, Annamma , John F. Sherry Jr., & Jonathan Deschenes. 2009. Conceptual blending in advertising. Journal of Business Research 62, 39–49. Karam, Khaled Mostafa & Mohamed Eissa. 2023. Compression we live by: cognitive dynamics and strategies of compression as a viable tool of composition in micronarrative. Journal of Cultural Cognitive Science. doi.org/10.1007/s41809-023-00123-5. Karam, Khaled Mostafa & Helmy Elfiel. 2021. "An Experimental Appraisal of the Acquisition of Creative Literary Compression versus Descriptive Texts. Creativity Research Journal. Kiang, Michael. 2005. "Conceptual blending theory and psychiatry." Cognitive Science Online, volume 3.1, pages 13-24. pdf version. Kim, Esther. 2000. "Analogy as Discourse Process." Includes discussion of blending in discourse. Krauss, Kristin. 2005. "Tacit Design Issues Regarding the Use of Visual Aesthetics for Web Page Design." Alternation 12, 2, pages 92-131. ["conceptual blending explains how multi-disciplinary projects such as web page design take shape"] Lakoff, George and Rafael E. Núñez. 1997. "The Metaphorical Structure of Mathematics: Sketching Out Cognitive Foundations For a Mind-Based Mathematics." In Lyn English, editor, Mathematical Reasoning: Analogies,Metaphors, and Images. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Analyzes blending in the invention of various mathematical structures. Le Goc, Marc and Fabien Vilar. 2017. Operationalization of the Blending and the Levels of Abstraction Theories with the Timed Observations Theory. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART 2017). Volume 2, pages 364-373 ISBN: 978-989-758-220-2. Lee, Mark and John Barnden. 2000. "Metaphor, Pretence, and Counterfactuals." Includes discussion of blending in counterfactuals. Fifth Conference on Conceptual Structure, Discourse, and Language. Santa Barbara, May 11-14. Liddell, Scott K. 1998. "Grounded blends, gestures, and conceptual shifts." Cognitive Linguistics, 9. Liddell, Scott K. 2000. Blended spaces and deixis in sign language discourse. In David McNeill, editor, Language and gesture. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 331-357. Maglio, Paul P. and Teenie Matlock. 1999. "The Conceptual Structure of Information Space" in Munro, A., Benyon, D., and Hook, K., editors, Personal and Social Navigation of Information Space. Springer-Verlag. [Includes a section, "Conceptual Blends in Information Space."] Maldonado, Ricardo. 1999. "Spanish Causatives and the Blend." Sixth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference. Stockholm, July. Mandelblit, Nili. 1996. "Formal and Conceptual Blending in the Hebrew Verbal System: A Cognitive Basis For Morphological Verbal Pattern Alternations." Unpublished manuscript. Mandelblit, Nili. 1995. "Beyond Lexical Semantics: Mapping and Blending of Conceptual and Linguistic Structures in Machine Translation." In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on the Cognitive Science of Natural Language Processing, Dublin, 1995. Mandelblit, Nili & Gilles Fauconnier. 2000. "Underspecificity in Grammatical Blends as a Source for Constructional Ambiguity." In A. Foolen and F. van der Leek, editors, Constructions. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Mandler, Jean M. & Cristóbal Pagán Cánovas. On defining image schemas. Language and Cognition 6(4):510-532. DOI: 10.1017/langcog.2014.14 Martinez, Maria Angeles. "The reader-focalizer blend: discourse and cognition in narrative understanding." Nikiforidou, Kiki. 2005. "Conceptual blending and the interpretation of relatives: A case study from Greek." Cognitive Linguistics 16­1, 169­206. Oakley, Todd. 1998. "Conceptual blending, narrative discourse, and rhetoric." Cognitive Linguistics, 9-: 321-360. Oakley, Todd. "Blending and Implied Narratives." Olive, Esther Pascual. "Why bother to ask rhetorical questions (if they are already answered)?: A conceptual blending account of argumentation in legal settings." 7th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference, July 2001. Parrill, Fey & Eve Sweetser. 2004. What we mean by meaning. Gesture 4:2, 197-219. Pereira, Francisco Cámara and Amílcar Cardoso. Conceptual Blending and the Quest for the Holy Creative Process. Pleshakova, A. Forthcoming. "Cognitive Approaches: Media, Mind, and Culture." In C. Cotter and D. Perrin (eds.) The Routledge Handbook on Language and Media. Routledge.  Pleshakova, A. 2016. "Meta-parody in contemporary Russian media: viewpoint blending behind Dmitry Bykov’s 2009 poem 'Infectious'." Lege Artis. Language yesterday, today, tomorrow. Vol. 1, issue 1, June 2016, pp. 202-274. De Gruyter Open. Available at https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/lart.2016.1.issue-1/issue-files/lart.2016.1.issue-1.xml Pleshakova, A. 2014, "Strike, Accident, Risk, and Counterfactuality: Hidden Meanings of the Post-Soviet Russian News Discourse of the Nineties via Conceptual Blending." Language and Cognition: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Language and Cognitive Science. Vol. 6, issue 3, September 2014, pp. 301-306. Cambridge University Press. Pleshakova, A. and K.M., Quilan. 2013. "Toward a Theory of Interdisciplinarity:  An Example of Conceptual Integration in Teaching and Learning in Area Studies." Russian Language Journal. A Journal of the American Council of Teachers of Russian. Vol. 63, pp. 169-195. Pleshakova, A. 2010. "Werewolves in Epaulettes," in: F. Parril, V. Tobin, M. Turner (eds.). Meaning, Form, and Body. CSLI, Stanford.  Ramey, Lauri. 2002. "The Theology of the Lyric Tradition in African American Spirituals." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 70:2 (Oxford University Press, June 2002), 347-363. This article demonstrates how the slaves were able to achieve a high level of conceptual freedom and spiritual self-determination in the spirituals as a liberating response to the constraints of their existence through the use of creative blends. Ramey, Lauri. 2008. Slave Songs and the Birth of African American Poetry. Palgrave Macmillan. [Includes blending analyses of several songs and poems.] Ramey, Lauri. 2005. "'It Noh Funny': Humor in Contemporary Black British Poetry." MLA (Washington, D.C.) To bepublished in Dictionary of Literary Biography: Contemporary Black British Writers, ed. R. Victoria Arana (Bruccoli, Clark, Layman Publishers, 2007). Ramey, Lauri. 1996. "The Poetics of Resistance: A Critical Introduction to Michael Palmer." University of Chicago, Ph.D. dissertation. [See especially chapter four.] Ramey, Lauri. 1998. "'His Story's Impossible to Read': Creative Blends in Michael Palmer's Books Against Understanding." Twentieth Century Literature Conference. University of Louisville. Louisville, Kentucky, February 1998. Ramey, Lauri. 1997. "A Film Is/Is Not A Novel: Blended Spaces in Sense and Sensibility." Popular Culture Association/American Culture Association in the South Conference. Columbia, South Carolina, October 1997. Ramey, Lauri. 1997. "What n'er was Thought and cannot be Expres't: Michael Palmer and Postmodern Allusion." Ninth Annual Conference on Linguistics and Literature, University of North Texas, Denton, February 1997. Ramey, Lauri. 1995. "Blended Spaces in Thurber and Welty." Marian College Humanities Series, Marian, Wisconsin, February 1995. Ramey, Martin . 2000. "Cognitive Blends and Pauline Metaphors in 1 Thessalonians." Proceedings of the 2000 World Congress on Religion, organized by the Society of Biblical Literature. Ramey, Martin . 1997. "Eschatology and Ethics," chapter four of "The Problem Of The Body: The Conflict Between Soteriology and Ethics In Paul." Doctoral dissertation, Chicago Theological Seminary. Contains a discussion of blending in 1 Thessalonians. Récanati, François . "Le présent épistolaire: une perspective cognitive." L'information grammaticale, 66, juin 1995, 38-45. Récanati applies the earliest work on blended spaces to problems of tense. He translates "blended space" as "espace mixte." Robert, Adrian . 1998. "Blending in the interpretation of mathematical proofs." Discourse and Cognition.. Edited by Jean-Pierre Koenig. Stanford: Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) [distributed by Cambridge University Press]. Rohrer, Tim. "The embodiment of blending." Sixth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference. Stockholm, July. Simon Morley. 2016. The Paintings of Yun Hyong-Keun as ‘Emergent Blended Structures.’ Third Text. DOI: 10.1080/09528822.2016.1192419. Sinding, Michael. 2002. "Assembling Spaces: the Conceptual Structure of Allegory." Style 36:3 (Fall 2002, Special Issue on Cognitive Approaches to Figurative Language), pages 503-523. Slingerland, Edward. "Conceptual Blending, Somatic Marking, and Normativity: A Case Example from Ancient China." Cognitive Linguistics 16.2 (2005): 557-584. Sondergaard, Morten . "Blended Spaces in Contemporary Art." Beyond Babel: 18th Annual Conference of the Western Humanities Alliance. San Diego, October 1999. Sovran, Tamar. "Generic Level Versus Creativity in Metaphorical Blends." Sixth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference. Stockholm, July. Steen, Francis. 1998. "Wordsworth's Autobiography of the Imagination." Auto/Biography Studies. Includes a discussion of blending in, e.g., memory, perception, dreaming, and pretend play, and consequences for literary invention. Sun, Douglas . 1994. "Thurber's Fables for our Time: A Case Study in Satirical Use of the Great Chain Metaphor." Studies in American Humor, new series volume 3, number 1 (1994), pages 51-61. Swan, Deanne and Alan Cienki. "Constructions, Blending, and Metaphors: The Influence of Structure." Sixth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference. Stockholm, July. Sweetser, Eve. 2006. Whose Rhyme is Whose Reason? Sound and Sense in Cyrano de Bergerac. Language and Literature 15(1): 29-54. Sweetser, Eve. 1999. "Compositionality and blending: semantic composition in a cognitively realistic framework" in Janssen, Theo and Gisela Redeker, editors. Cognitive Linguistics: Foundations, Scope, and Methodology. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 129-162. Sweetser, Eve. "Subjectivity and Viewpoint as Blended Spaces." Sixth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference. Stockholm, July. Sweetser, Eve . 1997. "Mental Spaces and Cognitive Linguistics: A Cognitively Realistic Approach to Compositionality." Fifth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference. 1997. [Discusses conceptual blending in adjective-noun combinations, e.g., "red pencil" and "likely candidate."] Sweetser, Eve and Barbara Dancygier. "Semantic overlap and space-blending." Sixth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference. Stockholm, July 1999. Tenuta de Azevedo, Adriana Maria. 2006. Estrutura Narrativa & Espaços Mentais. Belo Horizonte: Faculdade de Letras da UFMG. Teuscher, Christof. Amorphous Membrane Blending: Novel and unconventional biologically-inspired computing machines. Ph.D. dissertation, Logic Systems Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. 2003. Thagard, Paul & Stewart, Terrence C. 2011. The AHA! Experience: Creativity Through Emergent Binding in Neural Networks. Cognitive Science 35, 1, 1-33. ["Our account of creativity as based on representation combination is similar to the idea of blending (conceptual integration) developed by Fauconnier and Turner (2002), which is modeled computationally by Pereira (2007). Our account differs in providing a neural mechanism for combining multimodal representations, including emotional reactions."] Tobin, Vera. "Texts that pretend to be talk: Frame-shifting and frame-blending across frames of utterance in Mystery Science Theater 3000." 7th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference, July 2001. Tucan, Gabriela. 2013. "Cognitive Poetics: Blending Narrative Mental Spaces, Self-Construal and Identity in Short Literary Fiction." Enthymema, 8. Turner, Mark. 2015. Blending in language and communication. In Dąbrowska, Ewa and Dagmar Divjak, editors, Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. Pages 211-232. Turner, Mark. 2020. Suggestive Landscape. Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 68:4. Special Issue: Multimodal Research in Linguistics. Guest Editor: Peter Uhrig. 451–466. Turner, Mark. 2008. "Frame Blending." In Frames, Corpora, and Knowledge Representation, edited by Rema Rossini Favretti. Bologna: Bononia University Press. 13-32. CSN version. Turner, Mark. 2007. "Conceptual Integration" in The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics. Edited by Dirk Geeraerts and Hubert Cuyckens. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Turner, Mark. 2008. "The Way We Imagine." In Ilona Roth, editor, Imaginative Minds. Proceedings of the British Academy. London: Oxford University Press & the British Academy. Pdf of draft. Turner, Mark. 2002. "The Cognitive Study of Art, Language, and Literature." Poetics Today. 23:1, pages 9-20. Turner, Mark. "Forbidden Fruit." Sixth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference. Stockholm, July. Turner, Mark . 1999. "Forging Connections." Computation for Metaphor, Analogy, and Agents. Edited by Chrystopher Nehaniv. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pages 11-26. A volume in the series Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. Turner. 2000. "Backstage Cognition in Reason and Choice." In Arthur Lupia, Mathew McCubbins, and Samuel L. Popkin, editors, Elements of Reason: Cognition, Choice, and the Bounds of Rationality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pages 264-286. Turner, Mark . 1996. "Conceptual Blending and Counterfactual Argument in the Social and Behavioral Sciences," in Philip Tetlock and Aaron Belkin, editors, Counterfactual Thought Experiments in World Politics. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. pages 291-295. Turner, Mark, Maíra Avelar, & Milene Mendes de Oliveira. 2019. "Blended Classic Joint Attention and Multimodal Deixis." Signo. 44:79, pages 03-09. Turner, Mark and Gilles Fauconnier . 1999. "A Mechanism of Creativity." Poetics Today. Volume 20, number 3, pages 397-418. Reprinted as "Life on Mars: Language and the Instruments of Invention." In The Workings of Language, edited by Rebecca Wheeler. Praeger, 1999. Pages 181-200. CSN version. Turner and Fauconnier. 1999. "Miscele e metafore." Pluriverso: Biblioteca delle idee per la civiltà planetaria 3:3 (September 1999), 92-106. [Translation by Anna Maria Thornton.] Turner and Fauconnier. 1998. "Conceptual Integration in counterfactuals." Discourse and Cognition. Edited by Jean-Pierre Koenig. Stanford: Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI), 285-296 [distributed by Cambridge University Press]. Turner and Fauconnier. 2000. "Metaphor, Metonymy, and Binding." In Metonymy and Metaphor at the Crossroads. Edited by Antonio Barcelona. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Pages 133-145. A volume in the series Topics in English Linguistics. Turner and Fauconnier. 1995. "Conceptual Integration and Formal Expression." Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 10:3, 183-203. Veale, Tony. 1999. "Pragmatic Forces in Metaphor Use: The Mechanics of Blend Recruitment in Visual Metaphors." In Computation for Metaphor, Analogy, and Agents. Edited by Chrystopher Nehaniv. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pages 37-51. A volume in the series Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence. Veale, Tony . 1996 manuscript. Pastiche: A Metaphor-centred Computational Model of Conceptual Blending, with special reference to Cinematic Borrowing. Veale, Tony and Diarmuid O'Donogue. 1999. "Computational Models of Conceptual Integration." Sixth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference. Stockholm, July. Vorobyova, Olga. "Conceptual blending in narrative suspense: Making the pain of anxiety sweet." 7th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference, July 2001. Wilson, Anna. 2020. It’s time to do news again. Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 68:4. Special Issue: Multimodal Research in Linguistics. Guest Editor: Peter Uhrig. 379-409. Winter, Steven. 2012. Frame Semantics and the 'Internal Point of View,' Current Legal Issues Colloquium: Law and Language (Michael Freeman & Fiona Smith eds.) Oxford University Press. [Frame blending in conceptions of the law.] Worth, Aaron. “’Thinketh: Browning and Other Minds,” Victorian Poetry 50:2, pp.127-146 (Summer 2012) http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/victorian_poetry/v050/50.2.worth.html Yang, Fanpei Gloria, Kailyn Bradley, Madiha Huq, Dai-lin Wu, Daniel C. Krawczyk. 2013. "Contextual effects on conceptual blending in metaphors: An event-related potential study." Journal of Neurolinguistics. 03/2013; 26(2):312-326. DOI:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2012.10.004. "The results suggest that the demands of conceptual reanalysis are associated with conceptual mapping and incongruity in both literal and metaphorical language, which supports the position of blending theory that there is a shared mechanism for both metaphoric and literal language comprehension." Zbikowski, Lawrence. (Web page: http://humanities.uchicago.edu/faculty/zbikowski/) 1997. "Conceptual blending and song." Manuscript. 1999. "The blossoms of 'Trockne Blumen': Music and text in the early nineteenth century," Music Analysis 18/3 (October 1999): 307-345. Zbikowski offers a seminar on conceptual mapping and blending in song and a related seminar on conceptual blending in language, music, and song. Zunshine, Lisa. Domain Specificity and Conceptual Blending in A.L. Barbauld's Hymns Materials accompanying some talks by Fauconnier or Turner LSA Summer Institute, Berkeley, July 2009. Presentations: LSA-6jul09-1.pdf LSA-6jul09-2.pdf LSA-8jul09-1.pdf LSA-8jul09-2.pdf LSA-13jul09-2.pdf LSA-20jul09-1.pdf LSA-20jul09-2.pdf Further information for participants. Autonomy, Singularity, Creativity. The National Humanities Center. November, 2006. [pdf] The following handouts are in RTF format. UC Berkeley Cognitive Science Students Association, November 1999. Istituto Trentino di Cultura (ITC), Istituto per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica (IRST) June 1997, Povo, Trento, Italy. UCSD Colloquium on Political Reasoning June, 1996, San Diego. Second Conference on Conceptual Structure, Discourse, and Language, 1 April, 1996, Buffalo. Second Conference on Conceptual Structure, Discourse, and Language, 2 April, 1996, Buffalo. Theory Group February, 1996, Maryland. UCB/UCSD 1996 Cognitive Linguistics Workshop January, 1996, Berkeley. Fourth International Conference on Cognitive Linguistics July, 1995, Albuquerque. Conference on Conceptual Structure, Discourse, and Language November, 1994, UCSD. UCB/UCSD 1993 Cognitive Linguistics Workshop October, 1993, UCSD. There is also work in progress on blending in ASL (Scott Liddell), blending with material anchors (Ed Hutchins), and blending in impersonal SE constructions (Ricardo Maldonado). Joseph Goguen and his students have devised an interesting mathematical approach to integration operations, using algebra of categories (See The Semiotic Zoo), and there is some modeling being done (ICSI, and Nanterre). Other links Home Page: Mark Turner Home Page: Gilles Fauconnier The Semiotic Zoo Christof Teuscher's website on Amorphous Membrane Blending, with a review of blending approaches in computer science.

Computational Approaches to Blending Goguen J.A., Harrell D.F. 2010. Style: A Computational and Conceptual Blending-Based Approach. In: Argamon S., Burns K., Dubnov S. (eds) The Structure of Style. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12337-5_12 Martinc, Matej & Znidaršič, Martiň & Lavrac, Nada & Pollak, Senja. 2018. Towards Creative Software Blending: Computational Infrastructure and Use Cases. Informatica. 42. Abstract: Numerous visual programming platforms support the generation, execution and reuse of constructed scientific workflows. However, there has been little effort devoted to building creative software blending systems, capable of composing novel workflows by autonomously combining individual software components or even entire workflows originally designed for solving tasks in different research fields. Based on the review of relevant computational creativity research and of contemporary web platforms for workflow construction, this paper defines the desired functionality of a software blending system. Considering the required autonomy of the system and the workflow complexity limitations, we investigate the necessary conditions for the implementation of a creative blending system within the existing visual programming platforms. Links for ConCreTe Flows systems for conceptual blending: http://www.computationalcreativity.net/iccc2016/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/paper_34.pdf. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Workflow-implementation-of-multimodal-blending-in-ConCreTeFlows-available-at_fig2_324774763 http://concreteflows.ijs.si/ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324774763_Towards_Creative_Software_Blending_Computational_Infrastructure_and_Use_Cases Manfred Eppe, Ewen Maclean, Roberto Confalonieri, Oliver Kutz, Marco Schorlemmer, Enric Plaza, Kai-Uwe Kühnberger, A computational framework for conceptual blending, Artificial Intelligence, Volume 256, 2018, Pages 105-129, ISSN 0004-3702, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2017.11.005. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000437021730142X) Abstract: "We present a computational framework for conceptual blending, a concept invention method that is advocated in cognitive science as a fundamental and uniquely human engine for creative thinking. Our framework treats a crucial part of the blending process, namely the generalisation of input concepts, as a search problem that is solved by means of modern answer set programming methods to find commonalities among input concepts. We also address the problem of pruning the space of possible blends by introducing metrics that capture most of the so-called optimality principles, described in the cognitive science literature as guidelines to produce meaningful and serendipitous blends. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate how our system invents novel concepts and theories in domains where creativity is crucial, namely mathematics and music." Keywords: Computational creativity; Conceptual blending; Cognitive science; Answer set programming. Marco Schorlemmer and Enric Plaza. A Uniform Model of Computational Conceptual Blending. Artificial Intelligence Reserach Institute, IIIA-CSIC Bellaterra (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain. https://www.iiia.csic.es/media/filer_public/54/cc/54cc46e0-1276-4015-801e-34c5eb1d1d15/preprint.pdf Maria M. Hedblom, Oliver Kutz, Fabian Neuhaus, Image schemas in computational conceptual blending, Cognitive Systems Research, Volume 39, 2016, Pages 42-57, ISSN 1389-0417, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2015.12.010. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389041716000061) Abstract: In cognitive science, image schemas are identified as fundamental patterns of cognition. They are schematic prelinguistic conceptualisations of events and serve as conceptual building blocks for concepts. This paper proposes that image schemas can play an important role in computational concept invention, namely within the computational realisation of conceptual blending. We propose to build a library of formalised image schemas, and illustrate how they can guide the search for a base space in the concept invention work flow. Their schematic nature is captured by the idea of organising image schemas into families. Formally, they are represented as heterogeneous, interlinked theories. Keywords: Computational creativity; Conceptual blending; Concept invention; Image schemas; Embodiment; Spatial cognition https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2015.12.010  Hedblom, Maria. 2018. Image Schemas and Concept Invention: Cognitive, Logical, and Linguistic Investigations. http://www.mariamhedblom.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Hedblom_Thesis_online.pdf Gómez-Ramírez, Danny Arlen de Jesús. 2020. Artificial Mathematical Intelligence: Cognitive, Metamathematical, Physical, and Philosophical Foundations. Series 'Mathematics in Mind', Springer-Verlag. Turner, Mark, Tarek Besold, & Roberto Conflonier. 2018. “Foreword” to Concept Invention: Foundations, Implementation, Social Aspects, and Applications. Edited by Roberto Confalonieri, Alison Pease, Marco Schorlemmer, Tarek R. Besold, Oliver Kutz, Ewen Maclean, and Maximos Kaliakatsos-Papakostas. Springer. A volume in the series Computational Synthesis and Creative Systems. [The publisher's description: "This book introduces a computationally feasible, cognitively inspired formal model of concept invention, drawing on Fauconnier and Turner's theory of conceptual blending, a fundamental cognitive operation. The chapters present the mathematical and computational foundations of concept invention, discuss cognitive and social aspects, and further describe concrete implementations and applications in the fields of musical and mathematical creativity.”]. A range of papers and books on conceptual blending & computational modeling is available from the COINVENT group: https://www.facebook.com/coinvent/ Kutz, Oliver, Fabian Neuhaus, Maria M. Hedblom, Till Mossakowski & Mihai Codescu. 2016 Ontology Patterns with DOWL: The Case of Blending. Proc. of DL Workshop, Cape Town. The COINVENT Project, funded under the Future and Emerging Technologies programme within the European Commission’s 7th Framework Programme: "In COINVENT we aim to develop a computationally feasible, cognitively-inspired formal model of concept creation, drawing on Fauconnier and Turner's theory of conceptual blending, and grounding it on a sound mathematical theory of concepts."  The infrastructure for the Coinvent Computational Creativity Project. Github. Videos from the COINVENT project. Veale, Tony and F. Amílcar Cardoso, editors. 2019. Computational Creativity: The Philosophy and Engineering of Autonomously Creative Systems (Book Series in Computational Synthesis and Creative Systems). Springer.